Productivity of the worker and job satisfaction of the employee - Free Essay Example

Job satisfaction is a sense of satisfaction an individual has on the work itself, which inevitably develops as a driving force to work. It is not concerned with self contentment or happiness but only with the pleasure or enjoyment of the job itself. This term refers to the affinity between the employee and the employer who pays him. It does not require motivation as it is a motivation itself. Research workers describe and illustrate important factors which play an important role in job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction. Hoppock (1935) defined job satisfaction as any combination of psychological, Physiological and environmental circumstances that causes a person truthfully to say: I Am satisfied with my job. Smith Kendall and Hulin state that there are basically five main factors which indicate the most vital features of an employment about which individuals have affective reaction to. They include the task or job itself, the employee witnesses interesting chal lenges/opportunities for is enrichment and to accept responsibility. The second factor is pay, the amount of money the individual receives and the extent to which it is accepted as equitable, when compared to others in the same organization. Then comes in promotion opportunities, the individuals looks as this as a possibility for progression in the hierarchy pyramid. The fourth factor is Supervision, satisfaction reflects on how the employee feels about his employer including the fact if the boss is nice, competent, good communicator, cooperative and technically capable e.t.c. . Co-workers are a factor here too, the extent to which fellow employees are socially supportive. On the other hand, a complete approach requires that many extra factors be included before a complete understanding of job satisfaction can be obtained. Such factors are health, recreational, desire, temperament, social status, family relations, levels of aspiration inevitably lead to job satisfaction. There ar e two different views points about the relation between productivity of the worker and job satisfaction of the employee. The first one describes that a happy employee is also a productive worker and the other point of view is that a happy employee is not automatically a productive worker. Basically the first point of view promotes a direct cause and effect relationship sandwiched between job satisfaction and efficiency, when an employees job satisfaction increases, so does his productivity and when his satisfaction drops down so does his productivity level. The basic idea behind this is that the happier an individual is the more effort he will put in for job performance. But this may not be true for all cases .e.g.: If an employee has low expectations from his job, he might be satisfied but hey may not put in a hundred percent in his efforts just because he has low expectations from his job. Thus this observation does not satisfy the relationship between productivity and job satisfa ction. Now we move on to the second point of which, that a pleased employee is not predictably an efficient worker explains the relation between productivity and job satisfaction, there have been studies regarding this which also support this point of view. The case we which i have presented can be explained in terms of the function of two elements which are effects of job performance on satisfaction of the worker and organisational expectations from employees for job performance. Keeping in mind that job performance ultimately leads to job satisfaction and by any means not vice-versa. For an employee there are rewards which he looks forward to , they can be regarded as intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. The intrinsic rewards are harvested from doing the task/job itself, the rewards have different forms, be it growth potential, challenging job, interesting task e.t.c. This type of satisfaction the employee receives may even help to increase productivity. The extrinsic factors are the rewards which the employee knew about or in other words what an individual knows that is coming his/her way, these include , salary ,bonuses, promotions, it can be something intangible too such as praise and public recognition . A happy worker may not and does not essentially put in to higher efficiency because he might be working under certain technological limitations, thus cannot go beyond a certain output of production .Furthermore ,these limits affects the supervisors/organisations expectations from the employee, in the shape of accepting the fact that this effort which the employee put in is viable and accepted among the organisation. Therefore, the working scenario is stuck to minimally agree to the level of efficiency and production. A satisfied employee might not lead to increased output but on the other hand a worker who is not satisfied defiantly leads to lower efficiency. Victor Vroom had a theory of his own, known as the expectancy theory. His theory stresses on the und erstanding of how and what the employee will predict what a specific action or change will do. He termed this as valence. Valence means the emotional orientations people hold within themselves in respect to outcomes (outcomes as in end rewards).This relies on extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Extrinsic donates to money , promotion , benefits and holidays/time off work while intrinsic means to accept/undertake a job or assignment and enjoying it while doing it( being totally satisfied and happy with what a worker is doing , while doing it) , while not really caring about the external benefits that might result. Vroom also talked about expectancy , he stated that the employees have different levels of expectations and self confidence at what task they are performing and capable of doing, its the employees inner belief in him/herself. Most importantly he talked about instrumentality, its the perception of the employees expecting their desires, will they get them or not , even if they ha ve been promised by the organization. The key here is to ensure that the employees know that with harder ,better ,faster work there is definitely going to be a reward , and the rewards depends on the quality of the work ,meeting up with deadlines e.t.c.. In a nutshell Vroom believed that Motivation=Valance Expectancy. This formula can be helpful to predict job satisfaction, ability to grasp upcoming opportunities, continuing the job and the effort one might put in. Vroom always wanted to build such a motivational force that the employees would be happy and satisfied and avoid unnecessary distress. Hertzberg set an example in his two factor theory, where research was done in a factory .He developed two categories, Hygiene factors which included salary, fringe benefits, security and supervision. These were the elements to prevent dissatisfaction, though dissatisfaction results from their absence. The other category was motivators which included recognition, responsibility, challeng ing work, advancement e.t.c. If we look at it at a grass root level we can surely distinguish that the hygiene factors are the most crucial but when the both factors are combined, this will do wonders for the business and is the best way to satisfy the employees. McGregor made a set of negative assumptions of the human nature which he named as Theory X , he depicted that these were the reasons why there is a limit on the potential growth of many employees. McGregor then presented an alternate set of assumptions which he called the Theory Y , which indicated the positive assumptions about the human nature as it related to the employees. In a nutshell Theory Y was widely read, implicated and adopted as management who adopted Theory Y would witness different, more humanistic and inevitably more effective management styles. Theory X depicts that all employees are inherently lazy and will try to avoid as much as work as they can , thus , they need to be closely monitored and supervise d in order to get the job done .According to theory X , the employees will show minimum ambition without an enticing incentive program .Now according to Theory X , all employees are just there for the money and nothing else and they ultimately dont care what happens to the organization , its not their headache ,and the organization has to approach employees with a authoritarian style based on threat of punishment ,which could include pay cuts, demotion , public harassment or in some cases even getting fired. Theory Y explains how organizations understand and believe that the employees are ambitious, self motivated and anxious (like all humans are in fact!) to accept a bigger challenge and/or a greater responsibility . He stated that employees wanted empowerment , exercise self-control and be in control of the situation rather than a puppet on a stick .He believed that employees enjoyed their mental and physical work duties and when given the chance employees do have the desire to be creative , have forward thinking and the ability to think out of the box. Given the right conditions employees will actually want to do well at work and that the satisfaction of doing a good job is a strong motivation. In 1970s-1980s many US industries lost their marker share to international competitors ,particularly Japanese companies, these concerns led to examine the Japanese management practices for any kind of clues and details on how they managed their success , it was in this atmosphere that the Theory Z was introduced .William Ouchi identified the Theory Z as a management approach. He claimed that the Theory Z management style management could result to better employee job satisfaction, higher quality of products , lower rate of absenteeism and higher overall turnover and financial performance. Theory Z is kind of like a hybrid approach to management it combines the U.S culture with the Japanese management philosophies. It also breaks away from the Theory Y, as Theory Y is focused on the employee-employer relations while Theory Z changes the key analysis to the whole organisation. According to Ouchi theory Z focused on cultural values which included beliefs, objectives and homogeneity of values e.t.c. at the same time theory Z also holds bureaucratic hierarchies, such as work specialization, performance evaluation and formal authority relations. Theory Z focused on long term employment, which results in the management making life-long commitments to their workers and expect loyalty from their employees in return, but obviously the management sets certain conditions to promote and encourage this. This results in stability in the organisation and job security amongst the workers. The organisation which opted for Theory Z emphasize on collaboration , consensus in decision making and most importantly communication ,which also promotes individual decision making of an employee. Management will also adapt to slow promotion and evaluation, rather than rapid promotion of high achievers due to the fact some excellent employees might be slow learners or maybe the high achiever is a job-hopper, so they take their time with evaluating /promoting individuals. Even though there has been some heavy criticism about Theory Z ,some studies show that organizations running with theory Z mind set have better employee satisfaction , commitment ,motivation and also in terms of financial performance ,but at the same time others claim theory Z does not outperform other organisations. To wrap it up human relations is an important tool for a company which can make or break their employees depending on how the employees are dealt with. One set of rules for the management does not imply for every type of organization who wants committed and satisfied employees. One of the main factor here is at times money is and sometimes money is not the main element which completely satisfy the employees .Would a blue-collar employee and a white collar employee have the same set of elements in their i-need-this-and-that box ? One would desire two days off on the week end while the other might desire a new uniform or a better pay or even want to have more opportunities to work overtime in order to make more money .Its funny how ones satisfaction lies in having to work less and one extra holiday which he can spend with his family and friends while the others satisfaction lies in working more and earning more .Different jobs, different perspective ,different roles in the organizations ,different wants and needs .Its only to the organization to decide which department/group/sector of employees need what kind of need/facilities in order to be satisfied with their jobs .These are just a few examples , the real success is in having you employees satisfied ,motivated and productive.

Preparing For Your Papa Johns College Essay

<h1>Preparing For Your Papa John's College Essay</h1><p>Papa John's College Essay is a well known decision for understudies who are going to school. Regardless of whether you're a secondary school senior, a sophomore, or a lesser, you'll see that a considerable lot of the understudies that will apply the school are experiencing difficulty with their grade.</p><p></p><p>If you will be going to secondary school, at that point you'll have a ton of schoolwork. At the point when you go to secondary school, you will have a huge amount of assignments to do.</p><p></p><p>The one thing that numerous understudies don't do is compose their own Papa John's College Essay. An incredible method to assist you with ensuring that you get the correct evaluations in your group is to compose the school exposition for you. You'll need to discover an asset that will assist you with composing the best College Essay.</p><p></p&g t;<p>There are numerous things that you can do to assist you with your school article. Perhaps the best asset for you will be your teacher. The person can be extremely useful in helping you compose the paper for you.</p><p></p><p>They will help you through each and every progression of composing the school article for you. By reciting the paper for all to hear to you, you will have the option to comprehend what they mean and why you have to utilize that method.</p><p></p><p>They will likewise give you a diagram of what you will be talking about. In case you're searching for a framework, you will have the option to discover it at the earliest reference point of the schedule. This is generally alluded to as the word paper.</p><p></p><p>When you discover your instructor, the individual in question ought to have the option to assist you with your Papa John's College Essay. After you're finished with the prospe ctus, you will have the option to realize how to continue with the school essay.</p>

Should Teenagers Have Access to Birth Control - 1648 Words

Barbara Burton Professor Singh English 111 November 13, 2012 Should Teenagers Have Access to Birth Control? Teenagers are still growing and learning. Sometimes we forget that they are making choices that can affect their whole life. Yes, we are here to teach them and to guide them in making decisions that will help shape their future. Are they going to make mistakes? Are they going to regret some of their choices? Are they going to wish that they had listened to their parents at times that they didn’t? I’m pretty sure that we made mistakes as teenagers and decisions that we wish we could change. I know that some made worse choices than others but, we have all made poor choices at one time or another even as adults. I definitely feel that†¦show more content†¦This is a fact confirmed by the CDC (â€Å"About Teen Pregnancy†). It is also a fact that teen pregnancy continues to decline every year at an incredible rate. This could definitely be due to sex education and the availability of birth control without parental consent. Janice Shaw Crouse wrote about a D.C. area study which shows that abstinence programs have been effective. This data showed that girls in this program were seven times less likely to engage in sexual activity than girls that were not in the abstinence program (â€Å"Birth Control† 115). This proves that abstinence can help in the fight against teen pregnancies and the spread of STD’s. I do agree with this being a great tool in this fight yet, it will not keep our kids safe. Some of our kids will still choose to be sexually active and we need to prepare them for this choice. The Journal of American Medical Association reports that roughly 1 in 5 teenagers would have unsafe sex if they had to notify parents when getting birth control (â€Å"Birth Control† 144). Think back to when you were young and the choices that you made. I, through personal experience, have to agree with this statement. I was 17 when I became a patient at Family Planning. They encouraged me to talk to my parents but, I was not forced to. I was able to obtain birth control for free and education from a nurse that helped me to make a decision thatShow MoreRelatedTeenagers Should Have Access to Birth Control Essay979 Words   |  4 Pagesare afraid what she is going to think of you when you answer â€Å"Yes.† to the question. You want to do the right thing and get on birth control to be safe, but you know your mom will say no. Girls in the 21st century should have the right to protect themselves with any sort of birth control they choose without parents’ consent. About 40 percent of sexually active teenagers admit to not using any form of protection (like a condom) during their last session. Behavior like this leads to higher risks ofRead MoreBirth Control Access to Teens1463 Words   |  6 PagesFormal Outline Topic: Birth control access to teenage girls Thesis statement: Although teenage girls are prohibited from purchasing birth control, laws should be implemented to allow access to birth control as a means of managing safer sex, preventing the health risks and guarding them from the cycle of poverty. 1. Reasons for not allowing birth control to be given to teenagers A. It encourages sexual activity (Sex with many partners -promiscuity) B. Abstinence should be promoted Read MoreThe Prevention Of Teenage Pregnancy Essay1513 Words   |  7 PagesAn issue that is currently plaguing American teenagers today is the access to different types of contraception. This lack of access can lead to higher rates of teenage pregnancy and an increase in sexually transmitted diseases among teenagers. The sexually active teenagers who have been given better access to contraception are less likely to become pregnant or contract an STD, in comparison to their peers who do not have access. With the prevention of teenage pregnancy, comes the prevention of futureRead MoreUnintended Pregnancy Prevention Essay1269 Words   |  6 Pages Are controversial concerns about the birth control pill really a problem? Allowing teenagers to use the birth control pill has been a controversial subject for parents, teachers, and teenagers for a wide range of reasons. The vast majority of teenage pregnancies, more than four out of five, are unplanned (Unintended Pregnancy Pre vention). Whether teenagers believe in common myths that they cant get pregnant the first time having sex or they truly believe nothing like this could ever happenRead MorePersuasive Essay On Birth Control1288 Words   |  6 Pagesas those who are married or have previously been pregnant, to consent; four states have no standing laws or policy (â€Å"An Overview† 1-2). The contraceptive access also varies across the country. Some states require comprehensive sexual education and for teens to be able to access contraceptives. Some lean more towards abstinence only education in the hopes teens will steer away from sexual activities. There are also scattered clinics where teens can receive birth control. For many parents, this termRead MoreTeenagers And Birth Control Without Parental Consent897 Words   |  4 PagesTeenagers and Birth Control There are many different opinions on whether teenage girls should be allowed to access birth control without parental consent. Each parent has his or her own perspective, and reason behind this issue. Parenting styles help contribute to different opinions on allowing teenage girls to access birth control without parental consent. Some parents of teenage girls believe they shouldn’t be allowed to access birth control without parental consent because it takes the authorityRead MoreBirth Control : Who Controls?1159 Words   |  5 PagesBirth Control: Who Controls? â€Å"Should teenagers be allowed to get birth control without the permission of their parents?† Outline: -Thesis Statement- Teenagers should not be required to have permission from their parents to receive birth control. Religious Beliefs: -Sex before marriage -Encouraging the child to have sex -Against God’s will (IT’S A SIN) Communications with teens/parents -Wanting to know from a parent’s perspective -Asking the teen â€Å"why† -Social problems leading to crisis explosionRead MoreBirth Control: Available to Teens? Essay647 Words   |  3 PagesSeven hundred fifty thousand teenagers, ages fifteen to nineteen, become pregnant each year (â€Å"Facts†). Teenage birth specialists have often debated whether or not teenagers should have access to birth control and other contraceptives. Although some people think teenagers having birth control will promote promiscuity, birth control should be accessible to teens because they will put themselves at a higher risk for disease and pregnancy without it, and more teenage girls would get a high school diplomaRead MoreTeenagers and Birth Control1208 Words   |  5 PagesTeenagers should have access to birth control devices. The most compelling argument against this thesis is the idea that they are not emotionally mature enough to be having sex at all, in that it is a meaningful commitment that should be only taken up by adults who have the ability to consent ful ly and understand the consequences of their behavior. Additionally, sexual behavior contains a lot of risks of many different natures. There is the emotional risk of engaging in such intimate activityRead MoreTeen Pregnancy And Teenage Pregnancy1456 Words   |  6 PagesAbout one-third of American girls will become pregnant as teenagers (Kristof). Clearly, teen pregnancy is a concern among many people in the U.S. One way to help the teen pregnancy statistics would be birth control. Teenagers should have more access to birth control, particularly LARCs (long-acting reversible contraceptives), and be more informed about it. There are many reasons why this should be. For starters, it would help the child and the mother. It could also help the U.S. not be so high on

Argumentative Essay Topics on Anxiety

Argumentative Essay Topics on AnxietyWriting an argumentative essay is often a challenging and frustrating process. It can feel as if the writer is struggling with a hostile crowd, trying to make him or her stand out amongst the clutter. Writing an argumentative essay is difficult for several reasons; it requires research and writing skills and also some literary ability and training.The first thing to remember when writing an argumentative essay on anxiety is that anxiety is not always a dangerous reaction to an event. Anxiety is often caused by different situations that make you feel uncomfortable, such as a public speaking situation. Writing an argumentative essay on anxiety can be frustrating, because if the anxiety becomes a phobia then the writer is in danger of writing them self out of the industry.To write an argumentative essay on anxiety one needs to be able to recognize the main causes of anxiety, which can be rather obvious. We are all constantly bombarded with messages f rom social media, commercials, television, newspapers and more. A large portion of these are psychological. People are bombarded with news that usually causes a negative response and also experiences an overwhelming amount of fear.These feelings can grow into something that may become a phobia and therefore lead to them needing treatment, medication or getting help from someone else. This fear may be something that is triggered by news stories on politics, world events, violence and disease. To help eliminate fear and anxiety, you need to look at these situations with a critical eye. To have a better understanding of the root cause of anxiety one needs to understand some of the possible causes.You may find that your research has led you to examine some actual events which have lead to you feeling anxiety, such as a death in the family, loss of a job or a physical problem. When you have started researching the actual event that you are experiencing you need to note down any possible causes and see if they match with other events that have made you feel anxious. This could be the beginning of an argumentative essay topic on anxiety.Once you have found the actual event which you believe might be causing you anxiety you need to examine it in order to determine whether or not there are patterns involved. An example of this is if a loss of a job or a physical challenge leads to feelings of anxiety, one could determine if the same thing happens again with a new job or a new problem. This is where the actual event will come into play.To write an argumentative essay on anxiety, one needs to determine whether or not they feel anxiety after the actual event has occurred. If the anxiety does return later in life or after another major change in their life, then one needs to realize that they are likely going to keep experiencing anxiety. There are many instances in which people have problems with anxiety, and even if it wasn't caused by a specific event they need to work on controlling their own thoughts and feelings about it.There are many arguments on writing an argumentative essay on anxiety. One of the most common is to discuss the logical fallacies that can occur during research. It is true that research is very important to success in life, but the flaws that are often made by lack of proper research can often lead to negative outcomes. It's easy to write an argumentative essay on anxiety when you know exactly what to look for and how to recognize these errors and how to avoid them.

Culture And The Culture Learning Process - 1450 Words

The world culture has many different meanings depending on the person you ask. Each person has their own view on what they think culture is. To me, culture could be defined as different puzzle pieces that come together to create a person socially, physically and mentally. According to Chapter Three, Culture and the Culture-Learning Process, authors Cushner, McClelland, and Safford (2009) talks about culture and defines it as â€Å"Culture determines, to a large extent, people s thoughts, ideas, patterns of interaction, and material adaptions to the world around them† (p. 61). This definition of culture explains that everyone culture is different based on their environment and influences around them. Culture starts at home and can then branch†¦show more content†¦Culture can also be branched off into three subtopics, which are a social agent, subcultures, and microculture. These subtopics of culture help create your own personal definition of culture and is the makeup of how you view your personal culture. Subculture is a branch off of culture that explains a person view. According to Chapter Three, Culture, and the Culture-Learning Process, authors Cushner, McClelland, and Safford (2009), states â€Å"Subculture refers to a social group with shared characteristics that distinguished it in some way for the larger group in which it is embedded† (p. 62). A subculture talks about a group of people that have a different view on culture than the one they grew up with. In â€Å"My Life in a Bag† activity during class, I had a rosary bead in there to represent my religion. I grew up in a strong Catholic family that always went to church every Sunday. As I grew up, I realized that religion is important to me, but I didn’t think it was necessary for me to go to church every Sunday when I could talk and pray to God in my own home. I also had a bad experience with the church itself and not my religion. My grandpa was very ill and his on e last wish was to go back to his church before his time was up. However, he was divorced and his church did not believe in divorce and considered it to be a sin. They would not let my grandpa back in the church and he was devastated. That changed the way I looked at my religion and realized that I could

Parts Emporium Case Study Research Essay Example For Students

Parts Emporium Case Study Research Essay Parts Emporium has engaged Sue Mackey as materials manager for the many. She recently graduated from a prominent business school. As she is being handed the task of managing the firms inventory, she is upset that aggregate information is not available and she decides to randomly select a small sample of approximately 100 items and compile inventory and customer service characteristics to get a feel for total picture. From the result of this experiment, it seems that the inventory is in all the wrong places. Although an average of approximately 60 days of inventory is on hand, the firms customer service is inadequate. Parts Emporium tries to backorder the customer order to immediately filled from stock, but some 10 percent of demand is being lost to competing distributorship. Because cookouts are costly, relative to inventory holding costs, Mackey believes that a cycle-service level of at least should be achieved. Sue Mackey knows that her influence to initiate changes will be limited so she decides to concentrate on 2 products from extensive product line: the GAUGE exhaust gasket and the 08032 drive belt.